Found a solution for crash on startup
The game kept crashing on startup before reaching the initial splash page. The crash log indicated an issue originating in ‘DNSServiceProcessResult’. I completely disabled internet acess on my computer and it proceeded to start up fine. It appears the problem was originating when the game was attempting to connect to Game Center. Re-enabling internet access while playing the game still appears to cause it to immediately crash. Alternatively, logging out of Game Center appeared to also fix the problem. Notably, my internet connect is otherwise working fine outside of the issue occurring with XCOM.
BearDown185 about XCOM Enemy Unknown - Elite Edition